Translations
Recall:
𝑦=𝑓𝑥+𝑐 horizontally translates
𝑦=𝑓𝑥+𝑑 vertically translates
These transformations will affect the phase and midline of the parent graphs.
Phase Shift = The Horizontal Translation (should make the argument of the sine or cosine zero)
Midline = The horizontal line halfway between the minimum and maximum of the function
To find 𝑐 and 𝑑, you can always choose
𝑐=−start 
𝑑=midline